{"id":69,"date":"2017-08-08T13:13:04","date_gmt":"2017-08-08T13:13:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sfat.info.ro\/wordpress\/?p=69"},"modified":"2019-03-12T06:03:45","modified_gmt":"2019-03-12T06:03:45","slug":"cult-vs-popular-la-granita-kitsch-ului","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sfat.info.ro\/wordpress\/?p=69","title":{"rendered":"cult vs. popular, la grani\u0163a kitsch-ului"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dreamstime.com\/royalty-free-stock-photo-jeepney-manila-philippines-february-bus-station-february-manila-philippines-most-popular-public-transport-image34786865#res6218787\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumbs.dreamstime.com\/l\/jeepney-manila-philippines-february-bus-station-february-manila-philippines-most-popular-public-transport-34786865.jpg\" alt=\"Jeepney\" border=\"0\"><\/a><br \/><strong>\u00a9 Photographer: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dreamstime.com\/saiko3p_info\">Saiko3p<\/a> | Agency: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dreamstime.com\/\">Dreamstime.com<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote alignleft\"><p>Putem sesiza \u015fi respinge ce este \u201eextrem\u201c.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Este greu de stabilit momentul \u00een care devii con\u015ftient de kitsch. Obiectele stridente, \u201esimple\u201c estetic, cu mesaj clar, imediat, adresat direct sim\u0163urilor, sunt atr\u0103g\u0103toare la v\u00e2rstele mici. (Vezi toate \u201ezdr\u0103ng\u0103nelele\u201c at\u00e2rnate de obicei deasupra leag\u0103nului.) Dup\u0103 o prim\u0103 etap\u0103 de alfabetizare estetic\u0103 (pe vremuri orele de desen din clasele I-IV \u00eensemnau mult mai mult dec\u00e2t azi, de exemplu), e\u015fti capabil s\u0103 faci diferen\u0163a. Pentru cei mai mul\u0163i, nu este \u00eens\u0103 \u015fi momentul \u00een care fac op\u0163iunea anti-kitsch. Sistemul de valori evolueaz\u0103 lent \u00een plan estetic \u015fi, dincolo de un dat natural (\u201eureche muzical\u0103\u201c, \u201eochi bun\u201c) pu\u0163in r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit, ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 masiv constr\u00e2ngerea prin ru\u015fine. Marea majoritate a semenilor care \u201econteaz\u0103\u201c refuz\u0103 kitsch-ul pentru c\u0103 \u201ea\u015fa trebuie\u201c, nu pentru c\u0103 a\u015fa \u00eei \u00eendeamn\u0103 gustul lor. Dac\u0103 nu ar exista suficien\u0163i consumatori de kitsch, evident c\u0103 el ar dip\u0103rea.<!--more--><br \/>\nObiectele kitsch ascult\u0103 cel mai bine de legea cererii \u015fi a ofertei. Bun\u0103 parte dintre ele sunt, de altfel, varia\u0163iuni prost conduse pe o tem\u0103 cultural\u0103 de succes, indiferent c\u0103 este vorba de obiect, cuv\u00e2nt sau melodie kitsch. C\u00e2nd este vorba de arte vizuale, identificarea kitsch-ului ca prost gust, stil strident, lips\u0103 de profunzime \u015fi apelare la instincte primare (\u015focul la culori, sex etc.) este u\u015for de realizat. Mai greu este \u00een muzic\u0103, \u00een literatur\u0103.<br \/>\nEste evident \u00eens\u0103 c\u0103 exist\u0103 consumatori pentru aceste \u201eproduse\u201c \u015fi, cred, totul vine din rudimentaritatea culturii populare (\u00een sensul de \u201ef\u0103r\u0103 \u015fcoal\u0103\u201c, nu \u00een sensul de \u201etradi\u0163ional\u0103\u201c) care tinde s\u0103 ob\u0163in\u0103 reac\u0163ii violente \u015fi imediate prin apelarea la instinctele primare. Lipsa de educa\u0163ie estetic\u0103 nu se suprapune \u00eens\u0103 cu lipsa de educa\u0163ie \u00een general, de aceea este at\u00e2t de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit kitsch-ul, nu se mai manifest\u0103 doar la b\u00e2lciuri \u015fi targuri, nu mai este consumat doar de \u201ecei cu patru clase\u201c.<br \/>\n<strong>Cauza apari\u0163iei kitsch-ului?<\/strong><br \/>\nContactul prost mediat \u00eentre cultura rural\u0103 \u015fi cea urban\u0103, care duce la imita\u0163ie din dorin\u0163a reevalu\u0103rii personale. Noii veni\u0163i la ora\u015f imit\u0103 obiecte culturale tipice acestui nou mediu, le consum\u0103 \u015fi le \u201e\u00eentorc\u201c la sat, prin leg\u0103turile permanente sau ocazionale pe care le men\u0163in. Or\u0103\u015feanul redescoper\u0103 prost cultura popular\u0103, o imit\u0103 \u015fi el, iar uneori ajunge s\u0103 imite \u015fi exportul cultural amintit anterior. Pe fondul evolu\u0163iei personale amintite la punctul 1 \u015fi ca r\u0103spuns la cererea pie\u0163ii, kitsch-ul prolifereaz\u0103.<br \/>\n<strong>Linie de demarca\u0163ie \u00eentre art\u0103 \u015fi kitsch?<\/strong><br \/>\nLinia de demarca\u0163ie nu exist\u0103! Dac\u0103 ar exista, ar fi extrem de simplu. Este o zon\u0103 tulbure, uneori fecund\u0103 pentru avangard\u0103, o zon\u0103 care se mi\u015fc\u0103, \u201etrage\u201c \u00eentr-o parte sau \u00een alta \u00een func\u0163ie de nivelul cultural\/estetic general. Putem sesiza \u015fi respinge ce este \u201eextrem\u201c. Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce obiectul cultural \u00eencepe s\u0103 se apropie de sistemul de valori pe care \u00eel consider\u0103m \u201ecorect estetic\u201c (\u015fi cu nuan\u0163a de politically corectness) \u015fi, \u00een plus, apeleaz\u0103 ceva mai subtil la instincte primare, pierdem controlul. Probabil c\u0103 limita este cel mai greu de pus c\u00e2nd se face apel la sex \u2013 o revist\u0103 porno, de exemplu, trebuie s\u0103 fie foarte prost realizat\u0103 pentru a fi categorisit\u0103 de un b\u0103rbat drept kitsch, de\u015fi alte imagini realizate cu aceea\u015fi tehnic\u0103 ar atrage imediat aten\u0163ia: \u201eEste kitsch!\u201c<br \/>\n<strong>Este kitsch-ul un pericol pentru noi?<\/strong><br \/>\nRom\u00e2nia nu este un mediu favorabil, este un mediu \u201ecrud\u201c, mai u\u015for de alterat estetic. Iar marele avantaj\/dezavantaj c\u0103 ne plictisim rapid de con\u0163inutul cultural\/de divertisment d\u0103 un plus de mobilitate, ne schimb\u0103m u\u015for gusturile, iar dac\u0103 schimbarea \u00eent\u00e2lne\u015fte \u00een cale o alt\u0103 calitate, individul se vindec\u0103 rapid. Dar kitsch-ul nu produce nici un genocid, nu trebuie s\u0103 ne speriem de el! \u00cent\u00e2rzie o evolu\u0163ie, nu mai mult dec\u00e2t o face \u015fcoala \u00een care programa a devenit curriculla (ceea ce nu \u0163ine de kitsch, ci de adev\u0103rate cataclisme sociale \u015fi economice). Zona aceea tulbure este mult mai \u201elat\u0103\u201c dec\u00e2t vrem s\u0103 credem \u015fi marea noastr\u0103 majoritate suntem uimi\u0163i c\u00e2nd ni se demonstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 am consumat cu pl\u0103cere kitsch-ul. Nu este nevoie de nici o restric\u0163ionare, nu este indicat\u0103 nici o restric\u0163ionare. De prost-gust (care este \u015fi nu este motorul kitsch-ului) se scap\u0103 doar prin educa\u0163ie \u015fi prin prezen\u0163a fireasc\u0103 a alternativei. O s\u0103 sc\u0103p\u0103m de kitsch c\u00e2nd o s\u0103 \u015ftim s\u0103 ne alegem brelocul pentru chei (99,9% sunt orori kitsch, se poate face studiul fenomenului pornind doar de la aceste brelocuri!), nu c\u00e2nd o s\u0103 ie\u015fim \u00een strad\u0103 ca s\u0103 manifest\u0103m \u00eempotriva lui&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Vlad T. Popescu<\/strong><\/em><br \/>\n<em>Acest articol poate fi preluat f\u0103r\u0103 modific\u0103ri \u0219i cu precizarea sursei.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"license\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Creative Commons License\" style=\"border-width:0\" src=\"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by-nd\/4.0\/88x31.png\" \/><\/a><br \/>This work is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a9 Photographer: Saiko3p | Agency: Dreamstime.com Putem sesiza \u015fi respinge ce este \u201eextrem\u201c. Este greu de stabilit momentul \u00een care devii con\u015ftient de kitsch. Obiectele [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[14],"class_list":["post-69","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-idei","has_thumb"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9kw6W-17","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sfat.info.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sfat.info.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sfat.info.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sfat.info.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sfat.info.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=69"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sfat.info.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1691,"href":"https:\/\/sfat.info.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69\/revisions\/1691"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sfat.info.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=69"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sfat.info.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=69"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sfat.info.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=69"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}